An account of Ulysses S. Grant's hotly contested Civil War decision to expel Jewish citizens from the territory under his command evaluates the reverberations of his decision on his career, the nascent Jewish-American community, and the nation's political process.

General Orders No. 11 -- Jews as a class -- The election of 1868 -- To prove impartiality towards Israelites -- This age of enlightenment -- Then and now.